The primary goal of the journal is to promote scientific innovations and sustainable solutions to environmental challenges, advancing research that contributes to environmental protection and sustainable development.
MINERAL O‘G‘ITLAR TA’SIRIDA SUG‘ORILADIGAN TUPROQLARNING SHO‘RLANISHI VA UNING EKOLOGIK OQIBATLARI
Ushbu maqolada sug‘oriladigan qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlarida kimyoviy mineral o‘g‘itlardan ortiqcha va uzluksiz foydalanish natijasida tuproqlarning sho‘rlanish jarayoni va uning ekologik oqibatlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda mineral o‘g‘itlar ta’sirida tuproqlarning mexanik, fizik-kimyoviy va biologik xossalarida yuz beradigan o‘zgarishlar sho‘rlanish darajasining ortishiga olib kelishi asoslab berilgan. Tuproq sho‘rlanishining kuchayishi natijasida unumdorlikning pasayishi hamda qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlari hosildorligining kamayishi muammolari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, sho‘rlangan tuproqlarda yetishtirilgan mahsulotlar hajmining qisqarishi oziq-ovqat xavfsizligiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi qayd etilgan. Maqolada muammoning ekologik jihatlari ochib berilib, tuproq resurslarini muhofaza qilish zarurligi ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, sho‘rlangan yerlarni qayta tiklash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ham berilgan.
sug‘oriladigan yerlar, qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlari, kimyoviy mineral o‘g‘itlar, sho‘rlanish, unumdorlik, oziq-ovqat, ekologik muammo.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPORTANCE OF FORESIGHT METHODS IN DEVELOPING ECO-FORESIGHT COMPETENCE OF FUTURE ECOLOGISTS
This article analyzes the stages of developing eco-foresight competence of future ecologists through the use of foresight methods. It also highlights the theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and ways to improve the effectiveness of using foresight technologies in the process of environmental education. According to the research results, it has been scientifically substantiated that innovative pedagogical technologies play an important role in implementing the model for the formation of eco-foresight competence.
Delphi, VORT, foresight technology, eco-foresight, eco-foresight competence, pedagogical opportunities, innovative approach.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BLACK COTTONSEED OIL WITHOUT RE-CIRCULATION INTO THE FUZA FRYING SYSTEM
The refining of black cottonseed oil is often complicated by the presence of impurities such as phospholipids, free fatty acids, pigments, and suspended solids. Conventional processing involves re-circulating the sediment (fuza) back into the frying system, which increases energy consumption and negatively affects oil quality. This study proposes an alternative approach that eliminates fuza re-circulation by integrating physical separation, centrifugation, and chemical refining methods. The results demonstrate improved oil quality, reduced acidity, and enhanced economic efficiency. The proposed method offers a sustainable and industrially viable solution for modern oil processing plants.
OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION METHODS FOR BLACK COTTONSEED OIL
Black cottonseed oil, characterized by its high content of gossypol and dark pigments, presents significant challenges for industrial food applications. This study focuses on the optimization of extraction and purification processes to maximize oil yield while minimizing toxic impurities. Using Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction (UASE), we evaluated the influence of temperature, solvent-to-solid ratio, and extraction time. The results indicate that an optimized temperature of 55°C and a ratio of 10:1 provide a maximum yield of 22.45%. Furthermore, a multi-stage purification protocol involving phosphoric acid degumming and alkali neutralization reduced the gossypol content by 98.2%. This research provides a technical framework for transforming crude black cottonseed oil into a high-quality, safe edible product, balancing efficiency with chemical safety standards.
NUG’AYLI VA YANGIQO‘RG’ON SUV OMBORIDA IKKI PALLALI MOLLYUSKALAR BIOXILMA-XILLIGI VA POPULYATSIYALARI
Ushbu maqolada Qashqadaryo havzasidagi Nug‘ayli va Yangiqo‘rg‘on suv ombori ekotizimida ikki pallali mollyuskalar (Bivalvia) faunasi, ularning turlar xilma-xilligi, ekologik guruhlarga mansubligi, morfologik xususiyatlari va tarqalish qonuniyatlari chuqur o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot ishlari 2014–2023 yillar davomida suv omborining turli biotoplarida — qirg‘oqbo‘yi, sayoz suv, suv o‘tli va chuqur qatlamli hududlarda bahor, yoz, kuz fasllarida olib borilgan. Natijada 8 tur ikki pallali mollyuska aniqlanib, ular orasida peloreofil, krenofil va pelolimnofil ekologik guruhlarga mansub turlar mavjudligi qayd etildi. Shuningdek, mollyuskalar tarqalishida baliqlarning, ayniqsa, oq do‘ngpeshona balig‘ining gloxidiyalarni tashuvchi sifatidagi ekologik roli aniqlangan. Tadqiqot natijalari Nug‘ayli va Yangiqo‘rg‘on suv omborida mollyuskalar bioxilma-xilligini saqlash, populyatsiya dinamikasini kuzatish hamda suv ekotizimlarida ekologik muvozanatni ta’minlashda muhim ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
Nug‘ayli suv ombori, Yangiqo‘rg‘on suv ombori, ikki pallali mollyuskalar, bioxilma-xillik, ekotizim, Corbicula, Euglena, ekologik guruhlar, Qashqadaryo havzasi, oq do‘ngpeshona balig‘i.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IOT-ENABLED CLOUD PLATFORM FOR MEASURING SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
The rapid evolution of Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has provided new opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency in manufacturing systems. This study presents the design and implementation of a scalable, cloud-based IoT platform specifically engineered to monitor and analyze specific energy consumption (SEC) in manufacturing environments. Given that industrial sectors in developing economies, such as Uzbekistan, often exhibit energy intensities significantly higher than global benchmarks, the development of localized, low-cost monitoring solutions is imperative. The proposed system integrates high-precision electrical sensors (PZEM-004T), microcontroller units (ESP32) for edge data processing, and a centralized cloud-based dashboard for real-time visualization and analytics. The research methodology involves the deployment of the platform within a medium-scale manufacturing facility to evaluate its performance in tracking SEC—defined as the energy required to produce a single unit of output. Statistical analysis of the collected data reveals that real-time visibility into energy use patterns allows for the identification of non-productive energy peaks and operational inefficiencies. Results indicate that the system achieves a measurement accuracy of 98.5% compared to commercial laboratory-grade meters, while offering a cost reduction of nearly 70% in hardware expenditure. Furthermore, the discussion highlights how the platform supports decision-making for energy-saving interventions, potentially reducing total energy costs by up to 15%. This research contributes to the regional literature on Industry 4.0 transition in Central Asia, providing a practical framework for digitalizing energy management in local industrial contexts.
OBTAINING DATA ON THE RELIEF OF THE CITY OF BUKHARA IN REAL TIME IN THE "GEOANALYZER-2.0" PROGRAM.
This article examines the issues of obtaining, processing, and analyzing data on the terrain of the city of Bukhara in real time using the "GEOANALIZATOR-2.0" software package. The relevance of the research is explained by the growing need for accurate and operational terrain data in the design of engineering and communication systems, territorial planning, and effective infrastructure management in urban areas. In the research process, geoinformation technologies, digital terrain model (DEM) data, and spatial analysis methods were used. Based on the functional capabilities of the "GEOANALYZER-2.0" software package, algorithms for receiving, processing, storing, and visualizing real-time terrain data of the territory of the city of Bukhara have been developed. Also, the morphometric indicators of the terrain relief - height, slope, exposure, and other parameters - were determined, and their significance in the design of engineering and communication systems was analyzed.
relief, geometric modeling, GEOANALYZER-2.0, geoinformation system (GIS), digital relief model (DEM), real-time mode, relief modeling, relief morphometry, spatial analysis, engineering and communication systems
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФАУНЫ ДВУСТВОРЧАТЫХ МОЛЛЮСКОВ ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ ВОДОЁМОВ
В данной статье проанализированы состав фауны двустворчатых моллюсков (Bivalvia) в искусственных водоёмах, их экологическое значение, а также научные основы их изучения. Двустворчатые моллюски рассматриваются как важные биоиндексаторные организмы водных экосистем. Особенности их местообитаний, чувствительность к антропогенным факторам и выполняемые экологические функции имеют существенное значение при оценке устойчивости искусственных водоёмов. На основе анализа исследований, проведённых на мировом и региональном уровнях, в статье освещаются вопросы распространения представителей данной группы в искусственных водоёмах, влияние инвазивных видов, а также их роль в экологическом мониторинге. Результаты исследования способствуют выявлению возможностей применения моллюсков в системах экологического мониторинга.
искусственные водоёмы, двустворчатые моллюски, Bivalvia, фауна, биоиндикаторы, инвазивные виды, биологическое разнообразие, экологический мониторинг, бентосные организмы, фильтраторы, антропогенные факторы, гидроэкосистемы.
STRUCTURE AND PASTURE VALUE OF REED-TAMARIX VEGETATION ON SOLONCHAK WETLAND HABITATS OF THE DRIED BED OF THE ARAL SEA
This article examines the reed-Tamarix pasture variety formed in the coastal part of wetland vegetation on the dried bed of the Aral Sea. This pasture variety belongs to the group of reed-Tamarix and saltwort-Tamarix year-round pastures developed on meadow, meadow-takyr and takyr-like solonchak soils. The vegetation cover is associated with moderately saline meadow-bog soils and is represented by shrub, reed, grass and halophytic species adapted to wetland and saline habitats. The dominant species include Tamarix hispida, T. ramosissima, Phragmites australis, Aeluropus littoralis, Karelinia caspia, Typha angustifolia, Lycium ruthenicum, Halostachys belangeriana and Kalidium caspicum. The total projective cover reaches 30%, the average productivity is 3.3 c/ha, and the occupied area is 10126.20 ha. The studied pasture variety has important forage value for sheep and camels and also performs an ecological function by stabilizing coastal wetland habitats under conditions of salinity and periodic soil moisture.
dried bed of the Aral Sea, pasture variety, reed-Tamarix vegetation, solonchak soils, wetland vegetation, halophytes, pasture productivity, Phragmites australis, Tamarix hispida.
THE ROLE OF AIKIDO EASTERN MARTIAL ARTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL FORCE IN THE ORGANISM
this article presents ideas and emphasizes the importance of strengthening the human body and spirit through Aikido Oriental martial arts, the necessity, factors, solutions for training biological and spiritual strength. The teachings of Aikido Oriental martial arts are discussed. Its main structural factors and parts are described. The criteria for forming a healthy lifestyle and developing the population's interest in Aikido Oriental martial arts are analyzed and compared with the criteria. Recommendations are given for developing the body and spirit.
Aikido Oriental martial arts, Body and spirit, , training biological and spiritual strength, harmonious personality, recovery, biological body, astral body, healthy thinking, upbringing, behavior, behavior, environment, attitude, development, state.
MUSBAT BOG‘LIQLIK UCHUN MAKSIMAL TENGSIZLIKLAR
Ushbu maqolada musbat bog‘langan tasodifiy miqdorlar uchun maksimal tengsizliklar o‘rganiladi. Musbat bog‘liqlik tushunchasi, uning asosiy xossalari hamda maksimal funksiyalar uchun baholash usullari keltiriladi. Kolmogorov tipidagi maksimal tengsizliklarning umumlashtirilgan ko‘rinishlari hosil qilinadi va ularning ehtimollar nazariyasidagi qo‘llanilishlari ko‘rsatib beriladi. PQD (Positive Quadrant Dependence), LPQD (Linearly Positive Quadrant Dependence) va NA (Negative Association) kabi bog‘liqlik turlari ko‘rib chiqilib, maksimal tengsizliklarning umumlashtirilgan ko‘rinishlari keltiriladi.
musbat bog‘liqlik, maksimal tengsizlik, LPQD, PQD, tasodifiy miqdorlar, kovariatsiya, moment baholar.
SAMARQAND SHAHRIDA O‘SUVCHI MANZARALI BUTALARNING BIOEKOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada Samarqand shahrida o‘suvchi manzarali butalarning bioekologik xususiyatlari, ularning shahar landshaftidagi o‘rni hamda ekologik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Hududning quruq kontinental iqlimi sharoitida ayrim buta turlari yuqori moslashuvchanlikka ega bo‘lib, ko‘kalamzorlashtirishda samarali foydalaniladi. Shuningdek, manzarali butalarning mikroiqlimni yaxshilash, havoni tozalash va estetik muhit yaratishdagi roli asoslab beriladi.
manzarali butalar, Samarqand, bioekologiya, landshaft dizayni, ko‘kalamzorlashtirish, ekologiya.
ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBDENUM IONS ON A CPVC-BASED ANION-EXCHANGE SORBENT: KINETIC, ISOTHERMAL, AND MECHANISTIC ASPECTS
This study examines the adsorption behavior of Mo(VI) ions on a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)-based sorbent under static conditions at various concentrations and temperatures. Kinetic results revealed rapid initial uptake followed by a slower approach to equilibrium, suggesting a two-stage adsorption mechanism. Adsorption capacity increased slightly with increasing temperature, indicating improved ion mobility and diffusion. Equilibrium analysis revealed that the process conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model, confirming monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, with increasing disorder at the solid–solution interface.
CPVC-based sorbent; molybdenum adsorption; adsorption kinetics; chemisorption; water purification
MIS BILAN LEGIRLANGAN MONOKRISTAL KREMNIYDA STRUKTURAVIY O‘ZGARISHLARNING (111) VA (333) REFLEKSIYALAR ASOSIDAGI RENTGEN-DIFRAKSION TAHLILI
Ushbu ishda termodiffuziya usuli bilan mis kiritilgan yakka kristall n–Si namunalarining strukturaviy holati rentgen-difraksion usul yordamida (111) va (333) refleksiyalar profillari asosida tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari legirlangan namunalarda difraksion maksimumlar shakli, intensivligi va ajralish xususiyatlarida sezilarli o‘zgarishlar yuzaga kelishini ko‘rsatdi. (111) refleksiyaning profilida kengayish, assimetriya va qisman ajralish belgilari kuzatildi, bu esa kristall panjarada lokal elastik kuchlanishlar hamda mikrodeformatsiyalar mavjudligini ko‘rsatadi. (333) refleksiya sohasida esa pikning yanada aniq ajralishi va qo‘shimcha komponentning namoyon bo‘lishi yuqori tartibli refleksiyalarning strukturaviy buzilishlarga sezgirligini tasdiqlaydi. Olingan natijalar mis diffuziyasi natijasida kristall panjarada bir jinsli bo‘lmagan deformatsion holat shakllanishi mumkinligini va bunday o‘zgarishlar, ayniqsa, sirtga yaqin qatlamlarda kuchliroq namoyon bo‘lishini ko‘rsatadi. Mazkur tahlil mis bilan legirlangan kremniyda diffuziya bilan bog‘liq strukturaviy o‘zgarishlarni baholashda (111) va (333) refleksiyalarning muhim diagnostik ahamiyatga ega ekanini ko‘rsatadi.
mis bilan legirlangan kremniy, yakka kristall n–Si, termodiffuziya, rentgen-difraksion tahlil, (111) refleksiya, (333) refleksiya, strukturaviy o‘zgarishlar, elastik kuchlanishlar, mikrodeformatsiyalar, panjara buzilishlari.
DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION IN SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS
This study investigates the determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and cloud point of synthesized surfactants, which are key parameters governing their physicochemical behavior in aqueous solutions. Surfactants, due to their amphiphilic nature, exhibit the ability to reduce surface tension and form micelles beyond a certain concentration threshold. The CMC was determined using surface tension measurements via the Du Noüy ring method, while the cloud point was established through controlled heating of surfactant solutions. Experimental results showed a decrease in surface tension with increasing concentration until a plateau region corresponding to micelle formation was reached. The synthesized surfactants demonstrated varying CMC and cloud point values, indicating differences in molecular structure and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB). Among the samples, PAVMS exhibited the highest surface activity, while PAVKM showed favorable characteristics for applications at lower temperatures due to its low CMC and cloud point. The findings highlight the importance of molecular structure in surfactant performance and provide a basis for selecting efficient and environmentally sustainable surfactants for industrial applications.
Critical micelle concentration (CMC); surfactants; surface tension; micellization; cloud point; amphiphilic compounds; hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB); Du Noüy ring method; colloidal chemistry; interfacial properties.
RAQAMLI TRANSFORMATSIYA SHAROITIDA OLIY TA’LIMDA TARMOQLARARO INTEGRATSIYANI RIVOJLANTIRISH USULLARI
Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’lim tizimida raqamli transformatsiya jarayonlari, tarmoqlararo integratsiya va sun’iy intellekt vositalarining ta’lim jarayonidagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari raqamli texnologiyalarni ta’lim jarayoniga samarali joriy etish orqali ta’lim sifati va kadrlar tayyorlash samaradorligini oshirish imkoniyatlarini ko‘rsatadi. Shuningdek, raqamli transformatsiya jarayonida yuzaga keladigan muammolar va ularni hal etish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan.
ta’lim, raqamli transformatsiya, integratsiya, sun’iy intellekt, pedagogik jarayon, ta’lim sifati
OLIY TA’LIMDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT VA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNI QO‘LLASH ORQALI TA’LIM SIFATINI OSHIRISH VA ILMIY TADQIQOTLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’lim tizimida sun’iy intellekt va raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etish orqali ta’lim sifatini oshirish va ilmiy tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ta’lim jarayoni, ilmiy loyihalar va raqamli platformalarning o‘zaro integratsiyasi, shuningdek yuzaga keladigan muammolar ilmiy asosda baholanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ta’lim sifatini oshirish va ilmiy tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishda foydalanishga mo‘ljallangan.
sun’iy intellekt, raqamli texnologiyalar, oliy ta’lim, ta’lim sifati, ilmiy tadqiqotlar, raqamli transformatsiya, innovatsion yondashuv
TABIIY YOG‘ KISLOTALARDAN NOIONOGEN SFM SINTEZ QILISH VA ULARNING TARKIBINI O‘RGANISH
Ushbu ilmiy ishda kokos moyi asosida noionogen sirt-faol moddalarni (SFM) sintez qilish va ularning tarkibini o‘rganish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida triglitseridlarning ishqoriy gidrolizi, erkin yog‘ kislotalarini ajratib olish va ularni dietanolamin bilan amidlash jarayonlari amalga oshirildi. Olingan mahsulotlarning tarkibi va tuzilishi xromatografiya, infraqizil spektroskopiya va yadroviy magnit rezonans usullari yordamida tahlil qilindi. Natijalar kokos moyi tarkibida asosan o‘rta zanjirli yog‘ kislotalari mavjudligini va ular asosida yuqori samarali, ekologik xavfsiz noionogen SFM olish mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi.
Noionogen SFM, kokos moyi, yog‘ kislotalari, dietanolamid, xromatografiya, IK-spektroskopiya, YAMR, ekologik xavfsizlik
HOSILANING MEXANIK MASALALARNI YECHISHGA TATBIQI
Mazkur maqolada matematik analizning muhim tushunchalaridan biri bo‘lgan hosilaning mexanik masalalarni yechishdagi amaliy qo‘llanilishi yoritilgan. Xususan, harakatni tavsiflovchi fizik kattaliklar — yo‘l, tezlik va tezlanish orasidagi bog‘lanishlar hosila yordamida tushuntirib berilgan. To‘g‘ri chiziqli harakat, o‘zgaruvchan tezlik bilan harakatlanuvchi jismlar hamda maksimal va minimal qiymatlarni aniqlashga oid mexanik masalalar misollar orqali tahlil qilingan. Maqola talabalarda matematik tushunchalarning fizik mazmunini chuqur anglashga yordam beradi va nazariy bilimlarni amaliy masalalarda qo‘llash ko‘nikmasini shakllantirishga xizmat qiladi.
Hosila, mexanika, harakat tenglamasi, tezlik, tezlanish, matematik analiz, fizik masalalar, to‘g‘ri chiziqli harakat, maksimal va minimal qiymatlar
THE MAIN ION SATURATION OF WATER IN FISHERY PONDS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
This study is aimed at investigating the chemical composition of water in fishery reservoirs, particularly focusing on the concentration of major ions and their interrelationships. Water quality in fishery ponds is a crucial factor determining the survival, growth, and reproduction of fish. The chemical composition of water, especially the presence of major ions such as chloride (Cl—), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the aquatic environment. These ions are integral components of dissolved mineral salts and contribute to the overall mineralization level of water.
fisheries, lake, potassium, soil, natural and artificial water, groundwater.
DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE OF GRAVITY OF THE CHISEL SOFTENER OF AN IMPROVED DEEP SOFTENER PLOUGH
This article focuses on research aimed at reducing energy consumption during the deep softening of the earth's ploughing layer. The study primarily emphasizes improvements to the technological process, driven by theoretical research findings. The goal is to enhance the efficiency of energy use while maintaining or improving the effectiveness of the soil softening process, which is crucial in agriculture for facilitating easier tilling and better soil conditions. By refining the process based on theoretical analysis, the research seeks to develop strategies that not only optimize energy consumption but also contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices.
plough, body, knife, frame, tractor, support wheel, longitudinal section, hanging device, bracket, deep softener, chisel softener, dense heel, energy-efficient, construction, fuel, processing depth, resistance of gravity.
ECOLOGICAL SAFETY AND RECYCLING ISSUES OF GASES
The article analyzes the issues of environmental safety and recycling of fabrics. The impact of natural and synthetic fiber fabrics on the environment during production and consumption is highlighted, and their environmental advantages and disadvantages are indicated. Natural fiber fabrics are biodegradable and hygienically comfortable, but the high consumption of water resources and the use of chemicals in cotton production are noted. Synthetic fiber fabrics exacerbate environmental problems through microplastic waste, but the possibility of using them as secondary raw materials using chemical and mechanical processing technologies is analyzed. According to the results of the study, it is proved that the widespread introduction of fabric recycling technologies, the use of environmentally friendly materials and the improvement of consumer culture are important factors in solving global environmental problems.
natural fiber fabrics, synthetic fiber, mechanical processing, chemical processing, polyester fabrics, air permeability, the concept of “green fashion”, nanotechnology.
THE PAPPUS OF NATURE AS THE FEATURES OF YOUTH AND OLD AGE IN NAVOI'S WORKS
The main task of us educators is to bring up young people who have their own life beliefs and views, in the formation of the young generation as a mature citizen in the spirit of humanism and patriotism with high spiritual and moral qualities. The article describes the appeal of the great Uzbek poet and thinker Alisher Navoi in chapters 40-42 of the epic "Saddi Iskandariy" to young people, the nature of the analogies of youth and old age.
Virtue, upbringing, youth, old age, humanity, classic,appeal, initiative
MODERN RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF WATER-COAL ALTERNATIVE FUELS
This article analyses scientific publications related to alternative fuels obtained from biomass pyrolysis and coal-water fuel technologies, using the Web of Science international database and the keywords “alternative fuel” and “coal-water fuel”. The search queries “Alternative Fuels AND Coal-Water Fuel” and “Coal AND Water AND Fuel AND Alternative Fuels” were used to identify scientific articles published or scheduled for publication between 1988 and 2027. The types of articles, the leading authors in terms of publication activity, the contributing countries and the main research directions were determined, and the dynamics of scientific and practical activity in this field were analysed. The results show that the number of scientific publications on alternative fuels derived from biomass pyrolysis has increased significantly over the past decade, indicating active research by leading countries and authors. Additionally, coal-water fuel technologies, including their preparation methods, efficient combustion processes, and potential use as environmentally friendly energy sources, were identified as promising areas of research.
Alternative fuels, Biomass pyrolysis, Coal-water fuel, Bibliometric analysis, Energy efficiency.
STRESSNING YURAK-QON TOMIR TIZIMI FIZIOLOGIYASIGA TA’SIRI
Mazkur maqolada stressning yurak-qon tomir tizimi faoliyatiga fiziologik ta’siri tahlil qilindi. Stressga javoban simpatik nerv tizimi va gipotalamus–gipofiz–buyrak usti (HPA) o‘qi faollashishi, katexolaminlar va kortizol ajralishi natijasida yurak urish tezligi, arterial bosim va miokard yuklamasining oshishi mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqildi. Surunkali stressning gipertoniya, ateroskleroz va yurak ishemik kasalliklari rivojlanishidagi roli yoritildi. Stress jarayonida simpatik nerv tizimi va gipotalamus–gipofiz–buyrak usti (HPA) o‘qi faollashuvi natijasida katexolaminlar hamda kortizol ajralishi ortadi. Bu yurak urish tezligi, arterial bosim va miokard yuklamasining oshishiga olib keladi. Surunkali stress arterial gipertoniya, ateroskleroz va yurak ishemik kasalliklari rivojlanishiga zamin yaratishi mumkin. Tadqiqot nazariy tahlil asosida olib borildi.
stress, yurak-qon tomir tizimi, simpatik nerv tizimi, kortizol, arterial gipertoniya, ateroskleroz.
ORGANIZATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KARSHI)
Passenger transport services in Karshi city are not sufficiently developed, and the organization of transport vehicles for serving the population is not properly established. Bus routes in Karshi city are limited, and bus transport services are not available in densely populated areas. Most of the transport services for the population are carried out by light vehicle taxis, which do not meet current state requirements.
vehicles, passenger transportation, route coefficient, public service, passenger flow analysis.
YO‘L-TRANSPORT HODISASINI OLDINI OLISHDA HUQUQIY MADANIYATNING O‘RNI
Bugungi kunda dunyo bo‘yicha har kuni yo‘l-transport hodisalari oqibatida ko‘plab odamlar halok bo‘lmoqda.Bunga kо‘pchilik mutaxasislar fikricha yo‘l- transport hodisasini kelib chiqishining asosiy sababi huquqiy ong va huquqiy madaniyatning hamda haydovchilarni avtomobilni xavfsiz boshqarish bо‘yicha bilim va kо‘nikmalarini yetishmasligi ekanini tan olayapdilar
Yо‘l-transport hodisasi, huquqiy ong va huquqiy madaniyat, shoshilinch va xizmatga oid tormoz berish, notekis yо‘l, sekinlashish.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ПЕСЧАНКИ (MERIONES TAMARISCINUS) В НИЗОВЬЯХ АМУДАРЬИ
В статье рассматриваются вопросы изучения биоэкологических особенностей популяции Meriones Tamariscinus, в условиях низовьев Амударьи. Вследствие сокращения тугайных и тростниковых зарослей и других негативных факторов резко сокращается территория распространения и численность мезофильных видов. Отмечено, что наиболее высокая численность отмечается осенью, после прекращения генеративного периода.
низовья Амударьи, факторы, тугайные и тростниковые заросли, численность.
QON AYLANISH SISTEMASINING FIZIOLOGIYASI: DOLZARB MASALALAR VA ZAMONAVIY TADQIQOTLAR
Ushbu maqolada qon aylanish sistemasining inson hayotidagi ahmiyati , qon tomir sistemasidagi dolzarb , global muammolar , zamonaviy tadqiqotlar , qon aylanish sistemasidagi muhim va keng tarqalgan kasalliklar haqida olimlarning fikrlari , kasalliklarning asosiy kelib chiqish sabablari haqidagi turli ma’lumotlar tahlil qilinadi , turli olimlarning turli fikrlari va ushbu mavzuga oid turli adabiyotlardagi muhim ma’lumotlar keltiriladi.
Qon aylanish tizimi, yurak, arteriya, vena, kapillyar, katta va kichik qon aylanish doiralari, sun’iy yurak, tomir protezlari, yurak transplantatsiyasi, kardioprotektiv dorilar, gipertoniya, ateroskleroz, yurak yetishmovchiligi, yurak ishemik kasalligi va tromboz.
ORTIQCHA VAZNLILIKNING ORGANIZM TIZIMLARIGA TA’SIRI VA UNI OLDINI OLISH USULLARI
Mazkur maqolada ortiqcha vaznlilik va semirishning kelib chiqish sabablari, ularning inson organizmi tizimlariga ko‘rsatadigan salbiy ta’siri hamda ushbu holatning oldini olish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ortiqcha vaznning yurak-qon tomir, nafas olish, endokrin, ovqat hazm qilish va tayanch-harakat tizimlariga ta’siri ilmiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish, ratsional ovqatlanish, jismoniy faollikni oshirish va profilaktik chora-tadbirlarning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqola natijalari ortiqcha vaznlilikning oldini olishga qaratilgan tibbiy va gigiyenik tavsiyalarni ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
Ortiqcha vazn, semirish (obezitet), metabolizm, yurak-qon tomir tizimi, endokrin tizim, insulin rezistentligi, sog‘lom ovqatlanish, jismoniy faollik, profilaktika.